Nitric Oxide Scavenger Carboxy-PTIO Impaired Memory of Avoidance Conditioning in Goldfish

The long-term potentiation (LTP), an activity-induced increase in the efficacy of neurotransmission, has long been conceived to be a physiological correlate of learning and memory. Investigations of synaptic transmission suggest that the postsynaptic N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor is the upstream mediator of LTP, while nitric oxide (NO), a retrograde messenger from postsynaptic neurons to presynaptic neuron, is the downstream mediator of LTP. Our previous studies showed that microinjections of NMDA receptor antagonist D-AP5 to the goldfish telencephalon prior to trainings impaired learning of avoidance conditioning in goldfish. However, microinjections of D-AP5 to the goldfish telencephalon immediately following trainings did not impair memory of avoidance conditioning. Carboxy-PTIO is a NO scavenger that prevents NO from reaching the presynaptic neurons. The present study investigated the effects of microinjections of carboxy-PTIO to the goldfish telencephalon immediately following trainings on avoidance conditioning. The results showed that microinjections of carboxy-PTIO to the goldfish telencephalon immediately following trainings impaired memory of avoidance conditioning

Operational Mechanism of Digital Humanistic Crowdsourcing Project Based on Actor Network Theory

This article is to promote the development of digital humanity-related crowdsourcing projects based on actor network theory (ANT). A case study on Shengxuanhuai Documents from Shanghai Library is selected as our research object. The article employs qualitative research approach to investigate core concepts, namely Problematization, Obligatory Passage Point, Interestment, and Mobilisation involved in the underway of the digital humanity-related crowdsourcing project. This study conducts interviews with 32 respondents, including the 10 contractees and 22 users. The crowdsourcing actors in humanity-related projects are mainly the organizers from public libraries, museums, archives, and other digital humanity institutions. Based on the project development documents and semi-structured interview data, we find that the main obstacles to prevent actors engaging in crowdsourcing projects include task guidance, user motivations, platform designs, and competition evaluations. The paper demonstrates the usefulness of ANT’s concepts and explores the contribution of each ANT analytical concept

Self-assembly of 3D fennel-like Co3O4 with thirty-six surfaces for high performance supercapacitor

Three-dimensional (3D) fennel-like cobalt oxide (II,III) (Co3O4) particles with thirty-six surfaces on nickel foams were prepared via a simple hydrothermal synthesis method and its growth process was also researched. The crystalline structure and morphology were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Raman spectroscopy. The Brunauer-Emmett Teller (BET) analysis revealed that 3D fennel-like Co3O4 particles have high specific surface area. Therefore, the special structure with thirty-six surfaces indicates the good electrochemical performance of the micron-nanometer material as electrode material for supercapacitors. The cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge-discharge, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were conducted to evaluate the electrochemical performances. Compared with other morphological materials of the similar sizes, the Co3O4 particles on nickel foam exhibit a high specific capacitance of 384.375 F.g(-1) at the current density of 3A.g(-1) and excellent cycling stability of a capacitance retention of 96.54% after 1500 galvanostatic charge-discharge cycles in 6M potassium hydroxide (KOH) electrolyte

Power Transformer fault Diagnosis based on Hybrid Intelligent Algorithm

The gas content in the oil is used as the fault input characteristic for the power transformer. Still, the accuracy of the diagnosis results is not ideal, and such a model is unstable. This research proposes a hybrid intelligent fault diagnosis method based on the improved grey wolf algorithm and an optimized probabilistic neural network. Firstly, a strategy of three nonlinear control factors is introduced to fit the grey wolves’ search process. The weighted distance was modified to update the position information of grey wolf elements to avoid the algorithm falling into the local optimum. Secondly, the performance of the improved grey wolf algorithm was tested through six commonly used functions. The results show that the improved grey wolf algorithm has high convergence accuracy and stability in both multimodal and unimodal functions. Finally, the improved grey wolf algorithm and the probabilistic neural network were combined to diagnose the oil-immersed power transformer through hybrid intelligent algorithms. As a result, the fault diagnosis model proved valid for transformer fault diagnosis

Asymmetric cross-sensitization to the locomotor stimulant effects of phencyclidine and MK-801,

Chronic administration of a psychomotor stimulant has been shown to produce progressively enhanced effects, a phenomenon called "reverse tolerance" or sensitization. Sensitization which develops to the psychomotor stimulant effect of a drug generalizes to drugs with similar neurochemical mechanisms of action, a phenomenon called cross-sensitization. The present study compared the psychomotor stimulant effects of phencyclidine and MK-801, examined the effects of the daily injection of phencyclidine and MK-801 on locomotor activity and investigated whether reciprocal cross-sensitization occurred between phencyclidine and MK-801. Adult female Sprague-Dawley rats were used. Their locomotor activity was measured automatically for a 2h period following drug injection. Phencyclidine and MK-801 both increased locomotor activity. Four daily injections of phencyclidine in a dose of 3.2 mg/kg i.p., or MK-801 in a dose of 0.32 mg/kg i.p., produced sensitization to locomotor activity. Moreover, MK-801 sensitized rats showed cross-sensitization to phencyclidine. However, phencyclidine sensitized rats did not show cross-sensitization to MK-801. This finding suggests that there are significant differences in the neurochemical mechanisms underlying phencyclidine-induced and MK-801-induced sensitization. Phencyclidine sensitization may not be mediated by NMDA receptors.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/31399/1/0000314.pd

Edge Guided GANs with Semantic Preserving for Semantic Image Synthesis

We propose a novel Edge guided Generative Adversarial Network (EdgeGAN) for photo-realistic image synthesis from semantic layouts. Although considerable improvement has been achieved, the quality of synthesized images is far from satisfactory due to two largely unresolved challenges. First, the semantic labels do not provide detailed structural information, making it difficult to synthesize local details and structures. Second, the widely adopted CNN operations such as convolution, down-sampling and normalization usually cause spatial resolution loss and thus are unable to fully preserve the original semantic information, leading to semantically inconsistent results (e.g., missing small objects). To tackle the first challenge, we propose to use the edge as an intermediate representation which is further adopted to guide image generation via a proposed attention guided edge transfer module. Edge information is produced by a convolutional generator and introduces detailed structure information. Further, to preserve the semantic information, we design an effective module to selectively highlight class-dependent feature maps according to the original semantic layout. Extensive experiments on two challenging datasets show that the proposed EdgeGAN can generate significantly better results than state-of-the-art methods. The source code and trained models are available at https://github.com/Ha0Tang/EdgeGAN.Comment: 40 pages, 29 figure